{"id":5647027,"date":"2022-12-12T17:01:31","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T22:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/pages\/?p=5647027"},"modified":"2023-03-07T17:17:39","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T22:17:39","slug":"ml-training-deployment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/pages\/community\/tutorial\/ml-training-deployment\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Build a Machine Learning Training and Deployment Pipeline"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"takeaways card-glow p-4 my-4\"><h3 class=\"w-100 d-block\">Key Takeaways<\/h3> Learn how you can use Lightning to build a model training and deployment pipeline that is customizable, <span class=\"discussion-id-7f141096-e2a6-41fd-a26f-20d3e4477388 notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\" data-reactroot=\"\">integrated with t<\/span>ools (like monitoring, data warehouses, and feature stores), and deployed in production. <\/div>\n<p>MLOps is essential for companies both large and small that build products and services powered by AI. Given the wide variety of tools and platforms that aim to solve different parts of the machine learning lifecycle, choosing between them isn\u2019t always easy. Building a machine learning training and deployment pipeline is a fractured experience from the get-go.<\/p>\n<p>Below, we\u2019ll go through Lightning\u2019s unified platform for training and deploying machine learning models in production.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>What is Lightning?<\/h2>\n<p>Lightning (by the same people who built <a href=\"https:\/\/pytorch-lightning.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/\">PyTorch Lightning<\/a>) is a platform that augments the capabilities of PyTorch Lightning beyond training, into serving, deploying, monitoring, and data engineering. The user-centric Lightning Trainer already made distributed training simple and gave users control over their hardware selection. Lightning was built with these same principles in mind, giving researchers and practitioners full flexibility over their work while also abstracting away complex cloud infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>Lightning is designed around the <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/docs\/stable\/\">Lightning App framework<\/a>, an open-source library that enables you to build and run distributed Pythonic applications. With just a few extra flags in your CLI, you can run that Python code on your local system, the Lightning Cloud (backed by AWS), or even <span class=\"mui_tooltip wrapped\"><span class=\"tooltip_wrap\">your own private cluster<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ml-1\" width=\"12.5\" height=\"12.5\" alt=\"tooltip icon\" src=\"https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/themes\/lightning-wp\/assets\/images\/tooltip.svg\"><span class=\"tooltip_content\">Got AWS credits kicking around? \ud83d\ude09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0with minimal friction. Lightning brings the same robust simplicity for which PyTorch Lightning is loved to our fully-managed cloud service.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><strong>Is this the fastest way to build an ML pipeline?<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>We think so! For instance, you control infrastructure provisioning with the Lightning <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/docs\/stable\/core_api\/lightning_work\/compute.html?highlight=cloudcompute\">CloudCompute<\/a> Python API. Anyone from your machine learning team can then customize and manage the infrastructure without needing expertise in cloud computing. This again removes the friction and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.projectpractical.com\/5-main-causes-of-project-delay-in-it-industry-and-how-to-avoid-them\/\">dependency delay<\/a> on cloud engineers, which is a time-consuming process for most organizations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Lightning APIs<\/h2>\n<p>In the following section, we\u2019ll go through <span class=\"mui_tooltip wrapped\"><span class=\"tooltip_wrap\">the core Lightning APIs<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ml-1\" width=\"12.5\" height=\"12.5\" alt=\"tooltip icon\" src=\"https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/themes\/lightning-wp\/assets\/images\/tooltip.svg\"><span class=\"tooltip_content\">LightningWork and LightningFlow<\/span><\/span><\/span> as well as some examples of them in use.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>LightningWork<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/docs\/stable\/core_api\/lightning_work\/\">This is the building block<\/a> for long-running jobs like model training, serving, and ETL.<\/p>\n<p>LightningWork gives users the flexibility to customize machine configurations like RAM, CPU\/GPU, and disk allocation.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s an example of how you can create an Nvidia T4 GPU machine with a 50 GB disk size and add <code>PyTorch<\/code> and <code>FastAPI<\/code> as dependency requirements:<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/465ff5facae232a89ce604b3dcbe83bf.js\"><\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lightning will automatically spawn a GPU machine with the specified disk size and install the necessary requirements for you. LightningWork runs on a separate machine on the cloud and a separate process on the local system.<\/p>\n<p>You can run any kind of process with LightningWork. Here are some use cases:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/docs\/stable\/get_started\/build_model.html?highlight=trainin\">Model Training<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Lightning-AI\/stable-diffusion-deploy\">Model Deployment<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Lightning-AI\/LAI-research-poster-facenet-App\/blob\/main\/research_app\/components\/model_demo.py\">Model Demo with Gradio<\/a> or Streamlit<\/li>\n<li>ETL Pipeline<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here\u2019s a more complex example that deploys an image classification model using the <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/docs\/stable\/levels\/basic\/real_lightning_component_implementations.html#ex-deploy-a-pytorch-api-endpoint\">PythonServer component<\/a>:<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/42a4e1e49fcb09334f05e874023d3edb.js\"><\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>LightningFlow<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/docs\/stable\/core_api\/lightning_flow.html\">This is used<\/a> to manage multiple LightningWorks \u2014 those long-running jobs we mentioned above. The children of a Flow can be other Flows or a Work.<\/p>\n<p>The execution of a Flow begins with the <code>run(...)<\/code> method, which will run forever in a loop.<\/p>\n<p>A full-scale machine learning application can thus be composed of Flows and Works, where the Works run the computationally heavy script which is managed by the Flows.<\/p>\n<p>For example, a training and deployment application where we train a machine learning model and then deploy it might look like this:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5647031\" style=\"width: 1810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5647031\" class=\"wp-image-5647031 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/App-Example.png\" alt=\"Example app with a RootFlow that contains a training and deployment step.\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/App-Example.png 1800w, https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/App-Example-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/App-Example-1024x597.png 1024w, https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/App-Example-1536x896.png 1536w, https:\/\/lightningaidev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/App-Example-300x175@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5647031\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example app with a RootFlow that contains a training and deployment step.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Lightning App above is composed of a <code>RootFlow<\/code> which contains two works: <code>ModelTraining<\/code> and <code>ModelDeploy<\/code>. As the scope of your machine learning system increases, you can add extra components to the RootFlow like <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/component\/UX5swWI252-Data%20Drift%20Detector\">Drift detection<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/component\/VC3rlVI199-Model%20Performance%20Analysis\">model monitoring<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The RootFlow is a <code>LightningFlow<\/code> with two LightningWork children. The <code>run(...)<\/code> method defines how this app will be executed. In this example, we\u2019ll train the model first and then deploy it:<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/cd15e995b630163c9ca5956c3ff85708.js\"><\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Because the ModelTraining class is a LightningWork, we execute the training in the run method:<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/5febf9434334abca646bf08135940232.js\"><\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, the ModelDeploy class is also a LightningWork:<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/abbaec268505864a8e16dc63bb1a80f9.js\"><\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In this application, let\u2019s say I want to train my model on a GPU but deploy it on a CPU machine. Lightning makes this process trivial:<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/fde2592cea4d24289960602b69763532.js\"><\/script>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To run this Lightning App, you need to wrap the RootFlow inside <code>L.LightningApp<\/code> and run <code>lightning run app app.py<\/code> from your terminal. To deploy this on the cloud, all you need to do is add the <code>--cloud<\/code> flag and run the command <code>lightning run app app.py --cloud<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>Wrap up<\/h1>\n<p>If you\u2019ve been following these steps, you\u2019re ready to train and deploy machine learning models in production. As a next step, you can add more functionality to your pipelines like autoscaling, dynamic batching, <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/component\/BA2slXI093-Lightning%20HPO\">hyperparameter optimization<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/component\/UX5swWI252-Data%20Drift%20Detector\">drift detection<\/a>. Lightning gives you full flexibility to run any Python code wherever you want \u2014 that\u2019s what we call a Lightning App.<\/p>\n<p>To learn more about training machine learning models on the cloud or building production machine learning systems, <a href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/docs\/stable\/\">check out our documentation<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MLOps is essential for companies both large and small that build products and services powered by AI. Given the wide variety of tools and platforms that aim to solve different parts of the machine learning lifecycle, choosing between them isn\u2019t always easy. Building a machine learning training and deployment pipeline is a fractured experience from<a class=\"excerpt-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/pages\/community\/tutorial\/ml-training-deployment\/\" title=\"ReadHow to Build a Machine Learning Training and Deployment Pipeline\">&#8230; Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":5647030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[96,129,97,130],"glossary":[],"acf":{"additional_authors":false,"hide_from_archive":false,"content_type":"Blog Post","custom_styles":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Build a Machine Learning Training and Deployment Pipeline<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn to build a customizable machine learning training and deployment pipeline that can be deployed in production and integrated with tools.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/pages\/community\/tutorial\/ml-training-deployment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Build a Machine Learning Training and Deployment Pipeline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn to build a customizable machine learning training and deployment pipeline that can be deployed in production and integrated with tools.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lightning.ai\/pages\/community\/tutorial\/ml-training-deployment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lightning AI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" 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