{"cells": [{"cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7e3b7339", "metadata": {"papermill": {"duration": 0.011104, "end_time": "2023-10-11T15:29:11.954277", "exception": false, "start_time": "2023-10-11T15:29:11.943173", "status": "completed"}, "tags": []}, "source": ["\n", "# Tutorial 2: Activation Functions\n", "\n", "* **Author:** Phillip Lippe\n", "* **License:** CC BY-SA\n", "* **Generated:** 2023-10-11T15:26:46.260596\n", "\n", "In this tutorial, we will take a closer look at (popular) activation functions and investigate their effect on optimization properties in neural networks.\n", "Activation functions are a crucial part of deep learning models as they add the non-linearity to neural networks.\n", "There is a great variety of activation functions in the literature, and some are more beneficial than others.\n", "The goal of this tutorial is to show the importance of choosing a good activation function (and how to do so), and what problems might occur if we don't.\n", "This notebook is part of a lecture series on Deep Learning at the University of Amsterdam.\n", "The full list of tutorials can be found at https://uvadlc-notebooks.rtfd.io.\n", "\n", "\n", "---\n", "Open in [![Open In Colab](data:image/png;base64,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){height=\"20px\" width=\"117px\"}](https://colab.research.google.com/github/PytorchLightning/lightning-tutorials/blob/publication/.notebooks/course_UvA-DL/02-activation-functions.ipynb)\n", "\n", "Give us a \u2b50 [on Github](https://www.github.com/Lightning-AI/lightning/)\n", "| Check out [the documentation](https://pytorch-lightning.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)\n", "| Join us [on Slack](https://www.pytorchlightning.ai/community)"]}, {"cell_type": "markdown", "id": "a5b63cba", "metadata": {"papermill": {"duration": 0.010013, "end_time": "2023-10-11T15:29:11.975526", "exception": false, "start_time": "2023-10-11T15:29:11.965513", "status": "completed"}, "tags": []}, "source": ["## Setup\n", "This notebook requires some packages besides pytorch-lightning."]}, {"cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "id": "756ff121", "metadata": {"colab": {}, "colab_type": "code", "execution": {"iopub.execute_input": "2023-10-11T15:29:11.996484Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2023-10-11T15:29:11.996249Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2023-10-11T15:34:16.729212Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2023-10-11T15:34:16.727829Z"}, "id": "LfrJLKPFyhsK", "lines_to_next_cell": 0, "papermill": {"duration": 304.746763, "end_time": "2023-10-11T15:34:16.732085", "exception": false, "start_time": "2023-10-11T15:29:11.985322", "status": "completed"}, "tags": []}, "outputs": [{"name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": ["\u001b[33mWARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv\u001b[0m\u001b[33m\r\n", "\u001b[0m"]}], "source": ["! pip install --quiet \"matplotlib\" \"setuptools>=68.0.0, <68.3.0\" \"torch>=1.8.1, <2.1.0\" \"torchmetrics>=0.7, <1.3\" \"seaborn\" \"lightning>=2.0.0\" \"torchvision\" \"matplotlib>=3.0.0, <3.9.0\" \"pytorch-lightning>=1.4, <2.1.0\" \"urllib3\" \"ipython[notebook]>=8.0.0, <8.17.0\""]}, {"cell_type": "markdown", "id": "5ff9ab7e", "metadata": {"papermill": {"duration": 0.016777, "end_time": "2023-10-11T15:34:16.766464", "exception": false, "start_time": "2023-10-11T15:34:16.749687", "status": "completed"}, "tags": []}, "source": ["