Source code for lightning.pytorch.callbacks.early_stopping
# Copyright The Lightning AI team.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
r"""
Early Stopping
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Monitor a metric and stop training when it stops improving.
"""
import logging
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple
import torch
from torch import Tensor
from typing_extensions import override
import lightning.pytorch as pl
from lightning.pytorch.callbacks.callback import Callback
from lightning.pytorch.utilities.exceptions import MisconfigurationException
from lightning.pytorch.utilities.rank_zero import rank_prefixed_message, rank_zero_warn
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
[docs]class EarlyStopping(Callback):
r"""Monitor a metric and stop training when it stops improving.
Args:
monitor: quantity to be monitored.
min_delta: minimum change in the monitored quantity to qualify as an improvement, i.e. an absolute
change of less than or equal to `min_delta`, will count as no improvement.
patience: number of checks with no improvement
after which training will be stopped. Under the default configuration, one check happens after
every training epoch. However, the frequency of validation can be modified by setting various parameters on
the ``Trainer``, for example ``check_val_every_n_epoch`` and ``val_check_interval``.
.. note::
It must be noted that the patience parameter counts the number of validation checks with
no improvement, and not the number of training epochs. Therefore, with parameters
``check_val_every_n_epoch=10`` and ``patience=3``, the trainer will perform at least 40 training
epochs before being stopped.
verbose: verbosity mode.
mode: one of ``'min'``, ``'max'``. In ``'min'`` mode, training will stop when the quantity
monitored has stopped decreasing and in ``'max'`` mode it will stop when the quantity
monitored has stopped increasing.
strict: whether to crash the training if `monitor` is not found in the validation metrics.
check_finite: When set ``True``, stops training when the monitor becomes NaN or infinite.
stopping_threshold: Stop training immediately once the monitored quantity reaches this threshold.
divergence_threshold: Stop training as soon as the monitored quantity becomes worse than this threshold.
check_on_train_epoch_end: whether to run early stopping at the end of the training epoch.
If this is ``False``, then the check runs at the end of the validation.
log_rank_zero_only: When set ``True``, logs the status of the early stopping callback only for rank 0 process.
Raises:
MisconfigurationException:
If ``mode`` is none of ``"min"`` or ``"max"``.
RuntimeError:
If the metric ``monitor`` is not available.
Example::
>>> from lightning.pytorch import Trainer
>>> from lightning.pytorch.callbacks import EarlyStopping
>>> early_stopping = EarlyStopping('val_loss')
>>> trainer = Trainer(callbacks=[early_stopping])
.. tip:: Saving and restoring multiple early stopping callbacks at the same time is supported under variation in the
following arguments:
*monitor, mode*
Read more: :ref:`Persisting Callback State <extensions/callbacks_state:save callback state>`
"""
mode_dict = {"min": torch.lt, "max": torch.gt}
order_dict = {"min": "<", "max": ">"}
def __init__(
self,
monitor: str,
min_delta: float = 0.0,
patience: int = 3,
verbose: bool = False,
mode: str = "min",
strict: bool = True,
check_finite: bool = True,
stopping_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
divergence_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
check_on_train_epoch_end: Optional[bool] = None,
log_rank_zero_only: bool = False,
):
super().__init__()
self.monitor = monitor
self.min_delta = min_delta
self.patience = patience
self.verbose = verbose
self.mode = mode
self.strict = strict
self.check_finite = check_finite
self.stopping_threshold = stopping_threshold
self.divergence_threshold = divergence_threshold
self.wait_count = 0
self.stopped_epoch = 0
self._check_on_train_epoch_end = check_on_train_epoch_end
self.log_rank_zero_only = log_rank_zero_only
if self.mode not in self.mode_dict:
raise MisconfigurationException(f"`mode` can be {', '.join(self.mode_dict.keys())}, got {self.mode}")
self.min_delta *= 1 if self.monitor_op == torch.gt else -1
torch_inf = torch.tensor(torch.inf)
self.best_score = torch_inf if self.monitor_op == torch.lt else -torch_inf
@property
@override
def state_key(self) -> str:
return self._generate_state_key(monitor=self.monitor, mode=self.mode)
[docs] @override
def setup(self, trainer: "pl.Trainer", pl_module: "pl.LightningModule", stage: str) -> None:
if self._check_on_train_epoch_end is None:
# if the user runs validation multiple times per training epoch or multiple training epochs without
# validation, then we run after validation instead of on train epoch end
self._check_on_train_epoch_end = trainer.val_check_interval == 1.0 and trainer.check_val_every_n_epoch == 1
def _validate_condition_metric(self, logs: Dict[str, Tensor]) -> bool:
monitor_val = logs.get(self.monitor)
error_msg = (
f"Early stopping conditioned on metric `{self.monitor}` which is not available."
" Pass in or modify your `EarlyStopping` callback to use any of the following:"
f' `{"`, `".join(list(logs.keys()))}`'
)
if monitor_val is None:
if self.strict:
raise RuntimeError(error_msg)
if self.verbose > 0:
rank_zero_warn(error_msg, category=RuntimeWarning)
return False
return True
@property
def monitor_op(self) -> Callable:
return self.mode_dict[self.mode]
[docs] @override
def state_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
return {
"wait_count": self.wait_count,
"stopped_epoch": self.stopped_epoch,
"best_score": self.best_score,
"patience": self.patience,
}
[docs] @override
def load_state_dict(self, state_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
self.wait_count = state_dict["wait_count"]
self.stopped_epoch = state_dict["stopped_epoch"]
self.best_score = state_dict["best_score"]
self.patience = state_dict["patience"]
def _should_skip_check(self, trainer: "pl.Trainer") -> bool:
from lightning.pytorch.trainer.states import TrainerFn
return trainer.state.fn != TrainerFn.FITTING or trainer.sanity_checking
[docs] @override
def on_train_epoch_end(self, trainer: "pl.Trainer", pl_module: "pl.LightningModule") -> None:
if not self._check_on_train_epoch_end or self._should_skip_check(trainer):
return
self._run_early_stopping_check(trainer)
[docs] @override
def on_validation_end(self, trainer: "pl.Trainer", pl_module: "pl.LightningModule") -> None:
if self._check_on_train_epoch_end or self._should_skip_check(trainer):
return
self._run_early_stopping_check(trainer)
def _run_early_stopping_check(self, trainer: "pl.Trainer") -> None:
"""Checks whether the early stopping condition is met and if so tells the trainer to stop the training."""
logs = trainer.callback_metrics
if trainer.fast_dev_run or not self._validate_condition_metric( # disable early_stopping with fast_dev_run
logs
): # short circuit if metric not present
return
current = logs[self.monitor].squeeze()
should_stop, reason = self._evaluate_stopping_criteria(current)
# stop every ddp process if any world process decides to stop
should_stop = trainer.strategy.reduce_boolean_decision(should_stop, all=False)
trainer.should_stop = trainer.should_stop or should_stop
if should_stop:
self.stopped_epoch = trainer.current_epoch
if reason and self.verbose:
self._log_info(trainer, reason, self.log_rank_zero_only)
def _evaluate_stopping_criteria(self, current: Tensor) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
should_stop = False
reason = None
if self.check_finite and not torch.isfinite(current):
should_stop = True
reason = (
f"Monitored metric {self.monitor} = {current} is not finite."
f" Previous best value was {self.best_score:.3f}. Signaling Trainer to stop."
)
elif self.stopping_threshold is not None and self.monitor_op(current, self.stopping_threshold):
should_stop = True
reason = (
"Stopping threshold reached:"
f" {self.monitor} = {current} {self.order_dict[self.mode]} {self.stopping_threshold}."
" Signaling Trainer to stop."
)
elif self.divergence_threshold is not None and self.monitor_op(-current, -self.divergence_threshold):
should_stop = True
reason = (
"Divergence threshold reached:"
f" {self.monitor} = {current} {self.order_dict[self.mode]} {self.divergence_threshold}."
" Signaling Trainer to stop."
)
elif self.monitor_op(current - self.min_delta, self.best_score.to(current.device)):
should_stop = False
reason = self._improvement_message(current)
self.best_score = current
self.wait_count = 0
else:
self.wait_count += 1
if self.wait_count >= self.patience:
should_stop = True
reason = (
f"Monitored metric {self.monitor} did not improve in the last {self.wait_count} records."
f" Best score: {self.best_score:.3f}. Signaling Trainer to stop."
)
return should_stop, reason
def _improvement_message(self, current: Tensor) -> str:
"""Formats a log message that informs the user about an improvement in the monitored score."""
if torch.isfinite(self.best_score):
msg = (
f"Metric {self.monitor} improved by {abs(self.best_score - current):.3f} >="
f" min_delta = {abs(self.min_delta)}. New best score: {current:.3f}"
)
else:
msg = f"Metric {self.monitor} improved. New best score: {current:.3f}"
return msg
@staticmethod
def _log_info(trainer: "pl.Trainer", message: str, log_rank_zero_only: bool) -> None:
rank = trainer.global_rank if trainer.world_size > 1 else None
message = rank_prefixed_message(message, rank)
if rank is None or not log_rank_zero_only or rank == 0:
log.info(message)
